This list’s position on a 0–100 scale. It is not a quality grade.
Economy and redistribution
42
Lower taxes, less redistribution
Higher redistribution, broader public services
Closer to lower taxes — redistribution is more targeted than universal, and broad services are not the main emphasis.
Public finance
20
Priority on a balanced budget
Investment and spending even at a deficit
A balanced budget and spending restraint come first — a deficit is treated as a problem, not a tool.
Housing
43
Private construction and looser rules
Public construction and market regulation
Private construction remains the main path; public intervention and regulation are more of a supplement.
Climate and energy
40
Short-term price and slower change
Faster emissions cuts
Energy price still weighs more than accelerated emissions cuts, but goals are not shelved entirely.
European integration
90
More decision-making at national level
More shared decision-making in the EU
The stance rests on deeper shared decision-making in the EU rather than national autonomy.
Defence and security
85
Lower military commitments and spending
Stronger collective defence and higher spending
The stance leans toward markedly stronger collective defence and higher military spending.
Migration and integration
30
Restrictive admission of foreigners
More open admission with integration support
Managed admission with an emphasis on limits — integration yes, but without a clear opening of entry.
Social values
35
Traditional rules and institutions
Greater individual autonomy and equal rights
Tradition still leads, but limited shifts in individual rights are not ruled out.
Education
58
Smaller state role, selectivity, and private alternatives
Strong public schooling and equal access
Strong public schooling and more equal access already outrank selectivity and private alternatives.